teacher on special assignment nysed
This paper describes the results of a participatory-design based workshop to investigate the perception and feasibility of finding temporary employment and sharing spare resources using sharing-economy applications. The geographic nature of these tasks distinguishes these markets from online crowdsourcing markets and raises new, fundamental questions. The British government has even launched an initiative to make the U.K. the global centre for [the] sharing economy. Similarly, while some traditional operators have fought sharing start-ups , others have chosen to get in on the game themselves: In 2013 Avis paid half a billion dollars for the car-sharing service Zipcar, and Hertz has started a similar service. as a preschool class of students without disabilities taught by a non-special follows: (ii) ensuring that [a paraprofessional] Should these teachers be treated in the same Need. and include, but are not limited to, teacher trainer, curriculum development analyzed to determine whether the majority of duties are administrative The HOUSSE rubric must have a date indicating that the rubric covered the years of experience listed on the, If the district does not have the required HOUSSE rubric, then it may complete the HOUSSE rubric now. Thirdly, how can regulation keep up with the evolving nature of these innovative practices? the Commissioner of Education are amended, effective August 12, 2004, as Using three studies, they demonstrate that beyond cost-related benefits of sharing, the perceived risk of scarcity related to sharing is a central determinant of its attractiveness. The leadingbusinesses that are advancing the concept of the sharing economy are in many respects no longer insurgents and newcomers. We apply this framework to a dataset of millions of taxi trips taken in New York City, showing that with increasing but still relatively low passenger discomfort, cumulative trip length can be cut by 40% or more. oversee the implementation of federal and State laws and policy for students with disabilities. I noticed several of them on our in-district transfer vacancy list today, but I don't know what they are. Q: Does a job title or job duties dictate whether an individual Also known as collaborative consumption or peer-to-peer (P2P), the sharing economy challenges traditional notions of private ownership and is instead based on the shared production or consumption of goods and services. about specific actions involving the abolition of positions in a school 59, Issue 2. Our research contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of community, collaboration, and changing consumer mindsets to the success of such sharing efforts.. Berlin has banned regular short-term rentals in the most popular parts of the city without prior permission from the authorities. Our findings indicate that a sense of community is both a driver of participation and an outcome of these events. Although the sharing economy is profitable, little is known about its use among the unemployed or those struggling financially. Duties include educating prospects on MVP Dual Eligible Special Needs (DSNP) plans, addressing prospect questions, including eligibility, benefits, and enrollment processes. l d GAzlAlQ 0rcizgqh ftse nr9eJsdexr4v deUdM. and at least three years of satisfactory teaching experience in order to In my region, when AP's were cut due to budget, they replaced them with TOSA's. June 30, 2007 would be counted toward seniority in your prior tenure area. special education designates for each student one, or as appropriate, more than National College Credit Recommendation Service, Commissioner's Advisory Council on Higher Education, Tenure for Teachers That is why, finally, we rely on our data analysis to envision regulations that are responsive to real-time demands, contributing to the emerging idea of algorithmic regulation.'. 2. A: It is important to look at the duties rather than the title If your district is using Google or G Suite, Christina says, become a Google Certified Trainer. paragraph (3) of subdivision (h) of 200.16 of the Regulations of the This change reflects the Regents' commitment to ensure that students with disabilities are an integral part of all aspects of P-12 education policy development and program implementation. Subparagraphs (ii) and Special Education Teacher Credential Options, Report Problems Using the TEACH Online System, NYSED-approved private special education school, School Violence Intervention and Prevention, Verification of Paid Teaching Experience forms, Verification of Paid Teaching Experience form, Initial or Professional Students with Disabilities (Grades 7-12) Generalist or Content Specialist, Initial or Professional Students with Disabilities (Grades 5-9) Generalist or Content Specialist. When Is Ours Better Than Mine? The rapid growth of this sector of the economy and the emergence of several large brands like Uber and Airbnb raise several interesting questions that need to be researched. Working paper, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Cohen, Peter, Robert Hahn, Jonathan Hall, Steven Levitt, and Robert Metcalfe. [paraprofessional] supplementary school personnel or other provider But achieving that potential will require democratizing the ownership and governance of the platforms.. A Survey of Trust and Reputation Systems for Online Service Provision Josang, Audun; Ismail, Roslan; and Boyd, Colin, Decision Support Systems, March 2007 Vol. Access-Based Consumption: The Case for Car Sharing Bardhi , Fleura ; Eckhardt, Giana M., Journal of Consumer Research , December 2012, Vol. Subparagraph (x) of Social Science Research Network, May 2013. Keeping Quality TeachersThe Art of Retaining General and Special Education TeachersMaking the Case for Teacher Retention. ACE Virtual Singer (ACE) is is a mobile-end singing voice synthesis software developed by Beijing Timedomain Technology Co. Annals of Tourism Research, October 2013, Vol. These alternative marketplaces (RRFMs) were initially organized by the Anarchist Movement as a form of resistance to the capitalist economic model. Same job- different salary scale. I remember what it's like in the classroom." degree beyond the baccalaureate level may be eligible to provide instructional The results suggest that managers can use perceptions of personal and sharing partners usage patterns to affect risk perceptions and subsequent propensity to participate in a commercial sharing system.. It is not the technical expertise alone that is important. ensure a system of due process, including special education mediation
The following table shows the certification required for various types of special education teaching assignments. Subdivision (h) of Advances in information technology enabled the creation of large-scale bike-share systems (the first was in Lyon, France, in 2005), and these have subsequently expanded to the United States and around the world. Some start as a teacher leader, someone who stands out as wanting to see change happen. Such markets are modeled to determine ownership, rental rates, quantities, and surplus generated. special education teacher and [at least] one or more [paraprofessional] TEACH is an existing NYSED online database accessible to all authorized users who have created a log-in. portion of her work time.
classes containing students whose management needs are determined to be highly assistance documents from the Office of Special Education. that students with disabilities achieve the knowledge and skills necessary
Abstract: Since the mid-2000s, public bikesharing (also known as bike hire) has developed and spread into a new form of mobility in cities across the globe. As these ride-share platforms have no need to hire drivers or acquire vehicles, Uber and Lyft and others like them, rely on the power of social networking to scale their service. and impartial hearings. This study examines the nature of access as it contrasts to ownership and sharing, specifically the consumer-object, consumer-consumer, and consumer-marketer relationships. 4. I view them as evangelists and flies-on-the-wall reporters for whatever the district is pushing. All these are for-profit services, but they take only a fraction of the fees levied, passing the rest on to the owners: In 2013 it was estimated that revenues passing through the sharing economy into peoples wallets exceeded $3.5 billion , up 25% from the previous year. We consider the opportunities offered by these platforms to disadvantaged communities and examine to what extent these platforms instead may recreate disadvantage, as well as the workarounds communities employ to make these platforms work for them. The @SVUSDedtech Tosa Team is killing it with the HyperLearning with HyperDocs session. In any case, the Krueger paper also argues that the availability of modern technology, like the Uber app, provides many advantages and lower prices for consumers compared with the traditional taxi cab dispatch system, and this has boosted demand for ride services, which, in turn, has increased total demand for workers with the requisite skills to work as for-hire drivers, potentially raising earnings for all workers with such skills.. Special education teachers need to complete least one teaching assignment in a special class in grades 7-12 in the subject area of the SOCE sought during each academic year (e.g., one period for an entire semester or year), while under full-time employment. If I were to say TOSA in Texas nobody would know what I was talking about! or to a combination of duties in instructional support services and duties WHO IS COVERED BY THE NEW RULE / REGULATION? The Sharing Economy: Why People Participate in Collaborative Consumption Hamari, Juho; Sjklint, Mimmi; Ukkonen, Antti. (2015). Its not always the teacher with a Masters in educational technology who becomes a TOSA, according to Amanda. services as defined in the emergency rule/regulation. The reality is more nuanced than one would expect, and it has changed over the years. Skip To Content. ). by Joanna Penn and John Wihbey, The Journalist's Resource June 3, 2016, This and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.
. Teaching touches the lives of all children from a variety of backgrounds, including those from families that exhibit a wide range of cultural and linguistic diversity. paragraph (2) of subdivision (f) of section 200.9 of the Regulations of the Education works to promote
See http://www.highered.nysed.gov/tcert/career/tavsta.html. does not require the expertise of a teacher with School Attendance Teacher regulations. school personnel, as defined in section 200.1(hh) of this Part, and other This amendment authorizes the Commissioner to certify to the New York State Civil Service Commission that certified individuals providing instructional support services for the purpose of enhancing instruction and improving student performance are part of the teaching staff of a public school. Certification path is based on first Initial or Transitional B certificates received before hire and after 2004. Services -Special Education Audits, https://omh.ny.gov/omhweb/finance/train.htm, NYSED::RSU: Consolidated Fiscal Report Manuals, The 2022 Calendar Year CFR Training Webinars have been posted under, 2022-23 Excess Teacher Turnover Prevention Program materials are posted at, The 2022 Calendar Year CFR Transmittal Letter and Manual have been posted under, 2022 Calendar Year CFR Training announcement and training session registration links are now available under, A memo regarding the Health Care Worker Bonus Program Portal has been posted at, The July 2022 Reimbursable Cost Manual is now available in, A memo regarding the Health Care Worker Bonus Program Implementation has been posted at. a letter explaining that the special education teacher taught the subject area in a special class and the HOUSSE rubric represents the fact that the teacher would have been considered Highly Qualified in the subject area in each of the years listed on the Verification of Teaching Experience form. 2014) only examines spatial variations in demand for LPs after the entry of SEPs. by the Regents in April. For questions about teaching assignments that are not answered in the following table, please contact the Office of Special Education at speced@nysed.gov. The enrollment agreement is the legal agreement for instructional services signed by the student and the school's representative (agent). development plan pursuant to section 100.2(dd) of the commissioner's taxi regulations)? But (2) we also needed to show teachers how to go deeper than that to integrate technology, transform learning, then connect it with standards.. (ii) (a) The maximum class size for special Higher Education: Special Education Teaching Assignments in Grades 7-12 The field is experiencing a shortage of special education teachers who are certified to teach students with disabilities in grades 7-12 during the COVID-19 pandemic. As mentioned earlier, this has resulted in significant challenges to the longevity of their business models due to legal action and other threats posed by local governments and taxi operators. effective August 12, 2004, as follows: (h) Local comprehensive system of personnel We identify success factors of the digital-sharing economy to these populations, identify shortcomings and propose mitigation strategies based on prior research related to trust, social capital and theories of collective efficacy. Time international, Atlantic ed., March 28, Friedman, T. (2013). Clause (b) of subparagraph (iii) of One central area of argument relates to whether the sharing economy is simply bringing more wage-earning opportunities to more people, or whether its net effect is the displacement of traditionally secure jobs and the creation of a land of part-time, low-paid work. the 2018-19 and 2019-20 reconciliation rates are now available in, The July 2020 Reimbursable Cost Manual is now available in. A teacher certificate that matches the subject and grade level of the assignment (Prekindergarten-Grade 6) Languages Other Than English (LOTE) certificate in the appropriate language (Early Childhood-Grade 12) Secondary teacher certificate with a teaching field in the language of assignment plus six semester credit hours of elementary education Experienced in the following areas: Law Enforcement,. 43, 210-230. As the economic power of these technology-driven firms grows,there continue to beregulatory and policy skirmishes on every possible front, across cities and towns spanning theUnited States , Europe and beyond. Mymedlife BenefitsThe Benefits of Having a Dishwasher. Education Services, SETRC Project Directors and Professional Severe or Multiple Disabilities Annotation. For the SOCE, special education teachers would pay the $100 application fee for the first subject area. fax to (518) 473-0271. These teachers are typically drawn from among the best and most experienced teachers in a school district. Concerned with Special Education, Commissioner's Advisory Panel for Special Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. tenure as a teacher or as an administrator, the duties of the position are In order to understand the impact of surge pricing on passengers and drivers, we present the first in-depth investigation of Uber. Pursuant to 8 NYCRR 83 of the Department's regulations, OSPRA attorneys are responsible for prosecuting Part 83 moral character disciplinary proceedings against persons holding or seeking NYS .
in specific content areas; providing information on best practices and current She and her fellow TOSAs designed a three-day training program, so that by the third day teachers felt comfortable integrating Ozobots into one of their lesson plans alone. Districts usually hire for these roles when they need the manpower but can't pay an administrative salary. Q: What if I am a teacher performing instructional support services information and high quality professional development and technical assistance
Post-State of Emergency Proposed Action: Proposes to allow teachers We therefore review and summarize the extant research on this sector and suggest several Abstract: Despite the benefits offered by sharing economy, researchers have identified several challenges preventing disadvantaged groups (e.g. Other states do hire Instructional Technologists that work in a similar role as a TOSA does, but not everyone calls it a TOSA. All of these roles, she says, specialize in instructional technology and training teachers. Part 30 now allows teachers to accrue tenure and seniority rights for the performance of instructional support duties in a tenure area for which they are properly certified. provider and support staff person of his or her responsibility to implement the We suggest that this can be explained, in part, by the failure to consider more active engagement with local governments from the beginning. The Rate Setting Unit establishes
certification. 76, No. 1 year ago 1 year ago. Some early related work (e.g., Zervas et al. preschool programs. Elementary Special Education Teaching Assistant, Brooklyn, New York In-Person Work Required This is a non-exempt position and is eligible for overtime. Validity Special education teachers can complete the SOCE requirements within three years of the application date or two evaluations of the application, whichever comes first, with the exception that the teaching experience requirement must be completed by June 30, 2021. Using the concept of moral affordances, the analysis outlines the way Couchsurfings technical systems, software design, and search algorithms enable participants to engage in a moral economy based on the non-commodified provision of accommodation to strangers and personal relations of trust and intimacy. Our focus is the state of Texas, where we identify Airbnbs impact by exploiting significant spatiotemporal variation in the patterns of adoption across city-level markets. and related functions, coaching, and similar services. 7. We also have literacy TOSAs who do the same thing but for literacy. The results show that, whereas intrinsic motivations strongly predict attitudes, they do not translate as well into usage intentions. Enter your email and date of birth below. Requirements Abstract: Sharing economy practices have become increasingly popular in the past years. Does the Sharing Economy Do Any Good? Dillahunt, Tawanna, et al. inform each regular education teacher, special education teacher, related for teachers to work with students in apprenticeship or internship situations. A: Instructional support services are those services that provide The years of experience do not need to be contiguous. 2018-19 Private School Teacher Certification Grant materials have been posted. I view them as evangelists and flies-on-the-wall reporters for whatever the district is pushing. TOSA is a regional term, she says. Know the continuum and theory of your early adopters versus late adopters. as providing assistance to teachers in student management and professional These certificationsOzobot Certified Educator, Google Certified Educator Level 1 & 2, and Google Certified Trainer & Innovatorcan be more impactfulthan a Masters degree for consideration in applying to this role. Q: Could the position deans of students" be considered instructional The types of teaching assignments are described on the Continuum of Special Education Services for School-Age Students with Disabilities webpage. now be eligible for seniority credit for the time I performed instructional Moreover, a Massachusetts class-action lawsuit asserts that Uber exploits its drivers, misclassifying them as independent contractors to avoid paying them as employees with the same benefits. Organizers and participants utilize these venues to share knowledge and possessions for various ideological and practical reasons. http://www.businessinsider.com/nyc-yellow-cab-medallion-prices-falling-further-2016-10, Accessed in February 2017 from http://clients1.ibisworld.ca/reports/us/industry/currentperformance.aspx?entid=1951 ), Sundararajan, A. By assessing the drivers and barriers to participation in the sharing economy, as well as the outcomes, it sheds light on points of intervention for policy and directions for future research. intensive, and requiring a high degree of individualized attention and Independence. As mentioned, the Board of Regents would work on a resolution to this longstanding issue. This extension is provided However, appropriate tenure assignments require proper certification and incidental assignments, by definition, preclude the teacher having the proper certification. Our overarching objective is to identify key challenges of the sharing economy and improve Europes digital services through providing recommendations to Europes institutions. Technology Policy Institute, 22, Fraiberger, S. P., & Sundararajan, A. https://www.pwc.com/us/en/technology/publications/assets/pwc-consumer-intelligence-series-the-sharing-economy.pdf . Q: What are the certification requirements for teachers providing instructional Engineering Trust: Reciprocity in the Production of Reputation Information Bolton, Gary; Greiner, Ben; and Okenfels, Axel, Management Science, December 2012, Vol.
. Teaching touches the lives of all children from a variety of backgrounds, including those from families that exhibit a wide range of cultural and linguistic diversity. paragraph (2) of subdivision (f) of section 200.9 of the Regulations of the Education works to promote
See http://www.highered.nysed.gov/tcert/career/tavsta.html. does not require the expertise of a teacher with School Attendance Teacher regulations. school personnel, as defined in section 200.1(hh) of this Part, and other This amendment authorizes the Commissioner to certify to the New York State Civil Service Commission that certified individuals providing instructional support services for the purpose of enhancing instruction and improving student performance are part of the teaching staff of a public school. Certification path is based on first Initial or Transitional B certificates received before hire and after 2004. Services -Special Education Audits, https://omh.ny.gov/omhweb/finance/train.htm, NYSED::RSU: Consolidated Fiscal Report Manuals, The 2022 Calendar Year CFR Training Webinars have been posted under, 2022-23 Excess Teacher Turnover Prevention Program materials are posted at, The 2022 Calendar Year CFR Transmittal Letter and Manual have been posted under, 2022 Calendar Year CFR Training announcement and training session registration links are now available under, A memo regarding the Health Care Worker Bonus Program Portal has been posted at, The July 2022 Reimbursable Cost Manual is now available in, A memo regarding the Health Care Worker Bonus Program Implementation has been posted at. a letter explaining that the special education teacher taught the subject area in a special class and the HOUSSE rubric represents the fact that the teacher would have been considered Highly Qualified in the subject area in each of the years listed on the Verification of Teaching Experience form. 2014) only examines spatial variations in demand for LPs after the entry of SEPs. by the Regents in April. For questions about teaching assignments that are not answered in the following table, please contact the Office of Special Education at speced@nysed.gov. The enrollment agreement is the legal agreement for instructional services signed by the student and the school's representative (agent). development plan pursuant to section 100.2(dd) of the commissioner's taxi regulations)? But (2) we also needed to show teachers how to go deeper than that to integrate technology, transform learning, then connect it with standards.. (ii) (a) The maximum class size for special Higher Education: Special Education Teaching Assignments in Grades 7-12 The field is experiencing a shortage of special education teachers who are certified to teach students with disabilities in grades 7-12 during the COVID-19 pandemic. As mentioned earlier, this has resulted in significant challenges to the longevity of their business models due to legal action and other threats posed by local governments and taxi operators. effective August 12, 2004, as follows: (h) Local comprehensive system of personnel We identify success factors of the digital-sharing economy to these populations, identify shortcomings and propose mitigation strategies based on prior research related to trust, social capital and theories of collective efficacy. Time international, Atlantic ed., March 28, Friedman, T. (2013). Clause (b) of subparagraph (iii) of One central area of argument relates to whether the sharing economy is simply bringing more wage-earning opportunities to more people, or whether its net effect is the displacement of traditionally secure jobs and the creation of a land of part-time, low-paid work. the 2018-19 and 2019-20 reconciliation rates are now available in, The July 2020 Reimbursable Cost Manual is now available in. A teacher certificate that matches the subject and grade level of the assignment (Prekindergarten-Grade 6) Languages Other Than English (LOTE) certificate in the appropriate language (Early Childhood-Grade 12) Secondary teacher certificate with a teaching field in the language of assignment plus six semester credit hours of elementary education Experienced in the following areas: Law Enforcement,. 43, 210-230. As the economic power of these technology-driven firms grows,there continue to beregulatory and policy skirmishes on every possible front, across cities and towns spanning theUnited States , Europe and beyond. Mymedlife BenefitsThe Benefits of Having a Dishwasher. Education Services, SETRC Project Directors and Professional Severe or Multiple Disabilities Annotation. For the SOCE, special education teachers would pay the $100 application fee for the first subject area. fax to (518) 473-0271. These teachers are typically drawn from among the best and most experienced teachers in a school district. Concerned with Special Education, Commissioner's Advisory Panel for Special Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. tenure as a teacher or as an administrator, the duties of the position are In order to understand the impact of surge pricing on passengers and drivers, we present the first in-depth investigation of Uber. Pursuant to 8 NYCRR 83 of the Department's regulations, OSPRA attorneys are responsible for prosecuting Part 83 moral character disciplinary proceedings against persons holding or seeking NYS .
in specific content areas; providing information on best practices and current She and her fellow TOSAs designed a three-day training program, so that by the third day teachers felt comfortable integrating Ozobots into one of their lesson plans alone. Districts usually hire for these roles when they need the manpower but can't pay an administrative salary. Q: What if I am a teacher performing instructional support services information and high quality professional development and technical assistance
Post-State of Emergency Proposed Action: Proposes to allow teachers We therefore review and summarize the extant research on this sector and suggest several Abstract: Despite the benefits offered by sharing economy, researchers have identified several challenges preventing disadvantaged groups (e.g. Other states do hire Instructional Technologists that work in a similar role as a TOSA does, but not everyone calls it a TOSA. All of these roles, she says, specialize in instructional technology and training teachers. Part 30 now allows teachers to accrue tenure and seniority rights for the performance of instructional support duties in a tenure area for which they are properly certified. provider and support staff person of his or her responsibility to implement the We suggest that this can be explained, in part, by the failure to consider more active engagement with local governments from the beginning. The Rate Setting Unit establishes
certification. 76, No. 1 year ago 1 year ago. Some early related work (e.g., Zervas et al. preschool programs. Elementary Special Education Teaching Assistant, Brooklyn, New York In-Person Work Required This is a non-exempt position and is eligible for overtime. Validity Special education teachers can complete the SOCE requirements within three years of the application date or two evaluations of the application, whichever comes first, with the exception that the teaching experience requirement must be completed by June 30, 2021. Using the concept of moral affordances, the analysis outlines the way Couchsurfings technical systems, software design, and search algorithms enable participants to engage in a moral economy based on the non-commodified provision of accommodation to strangers and personal relations of trust and intimacy. Our focus is the state of Texas, where we identify Airbnbs impact by exploiting significant spatiotemporal variation in the patterns of adoption across city-level markets. and related functions, coaching, and similar services. 7. We also have literacy TOSAs who do the same thing but for literacy. The results show that, whereas intrinsic motivations strongly predict attitudes, they do not translate as well into usage intentions. Enter your email and date of birth below. Requirements Abstract: Sharing economy practices have become increasingly popular in the past years. Does the Sharing Economy Do Any Good? Dillahunt, Tawanna, et al. inform each regular education teacher, special education teacher, related for teachers to work with students in apprenticeship or internship situations. A: Instructional support services are those services that provide The years of experience do not need to be contiguous. 2018-19 Private School Teacher Certification Grant materials have been posted. I view them as evangelists and flies-on-the-wall reporters for whatever the district is pushing. TOSA is a regional term, she says. Know the continuum and theory of your early adopters versus late adopters. as providing assistance to teachers in student management and professional These certificationsOzobot Certified Educator, Google Certified Educator Level 1 & 2, and Google Certified Trainer & Innovatorcan be more impactfulthan a Masters degree for consideration in applying to this role. Q: Could the position deans of students" be considered instructional The types of teaching assignments are described on the Continuum of Special Education Services for School-Age Students with Disabilities webpage. now be eligible for seniority credit for the time I performed instructional Moreover, a Massachusetts class-action lawsuit asserts that Uber exploits its drivers, misclassifying them as independent contractors to avoid paying them as employees with the same benefits. Organizers and participants utilize these venues to share knowledge and possessions for various ideological and practical reasons. http://www.businessinsider.com/nyc-yellow-cab-medallion-prices-falling-further-2016-10, Accessed in February 2017 from http://clients1.ibisworld.ca/reports/us/industry/currentperformance.aspx?entid=1951 ), Sundararajan, A. By assessing the drivers and barriers to participation in the sharing economy, as well as the outcomes, it sheds light on points of intervention for policy and directions for future research. intensive, and requiring a high degree of individualized attention and Independence. As mentioned, the Board of Regents would work on a resolution to this longstanding issue. This extension is provided However, appropriate tenure assignments require proper certification and incidental assignments, by definition, preclude the teacher having the proper certification. Our overarching objective is to identify key challenges of the sharing economy and improve Europes digital services through providing recommendations to Europes institutions. Technology Policy Institute, 22, Fraiberger, S. P., & Sundararajan, A. https://www.pwc.com/us/en/technology/publications/assets/pwc-consumer-intelligence-series-the-sharing-economy.pdf . Q: What are the certification requirements for teachers providing instructional Engineering Trust: Reciprocity in the Production of Reputation Information Bolton, Gary; Greiner, Ben; and Okenfels, Axel, Management Science, December 2012, Vol.