But my controller doesn't have that many buttons! The below wiki article is based on user submitted content. If the user does not have shared font installed, Citra will use the open source font replacement instead. There was a problem preparing your codespace, please try again. Select User 1 Device Index. This directory contains another directory of the same name, and inside of that is where game saves (in the title directory) and extra data (in the extdata directory) can be found. It is possible to let the devs know about this and have your controller mapping added to the default database for other users. You can find various Homebrew that test the accuracy of Citra here: Now that everything is setup, you can take a look at these places to see what needs to be done: Windows, macOS, and Linux Binary Downloads, Dumping System Archives and the Shared Fonts from a 3DS Console, Dumping Config Savegame from a 3DS Console, To Ubuntu users: only 18.04 and up provides sufficient dependencies to build Citra. aes_keys.txt: this file holds decryption keys. on 2020-07-28 22:07:24, Perfect for: If a real SD card is compared to Citras emulated SD card, Citra may appear to be missing one or more folders present on the real SD card: dbs, backups, and Nintendo DSiWare. DualShock 3, May be used on: Please upgrade your system if you are on a lower version (or grab dependencies somewhere else if you know how to). If there is no dedicated hotkey button, [SELECT] should be used. official download on GitHub and probably many more through the nightlies. THE BLEEDING EDGE BUILDS!This is the best way you can run all the titles from the Official Nintendo 3DS! If you are having trouble building Citra from the source code, see this wiki page: Now, youll need to dump the games you want to play with your 3DS. Now this can be an Xbox One, 360, PS4, Wii U, Nintendo Switch, or whatever kind of controller you want and it'll work well on Citra. And override the [Controls] section right at the beginning to: The Keybindings in question are as follows: D-Pad Down: Item Slot 2 / Song UI when Ocarina is out. By clicking Sign up for GitHub, you agree to our terms of service and At this point in time, it is possible to dump extra data from a physical 3DSs NAND using a save manager like JKSM and to place it in the extdata directory, but doing so is entirely optional and Citra does not currently emulate NAND features that utilize most of this extra data. GPU: NVIDIA GTX 960M Switch Pro, [Controls] button_a="button:1,engine:sdl,joystick:0 . Joy-Con, by SuperSonicBlur I use usb guid replace of the bluetooth guid in qt-config.ini and save. Joy-Con, HarshTruth69 4 yr. ago. On a real SD card, there would not be two 00000000000000000000000000000000 folders, but instead the folders would be named as hexadecimal characters corresponding to a 3DS console ID. Refer to the license.txt file included. i tried few methods but couldnt get my xbox 360 controller to work on citra any suggestions or a quick guide to how make it work? Inside this directory is another directory, 00000000000000000000000000000000. The SDL2 version was updated to 2.0.10 by citra-emu/build-environments#22. It also allows using the gyro to control your mouse and remap the special buttons (SL, SR, Capture) to key bindings of your choice. Citra emulates a consoles behavior of reading from and writing to extra data, so this data can be dumped from an SD card using a physical 3DS console and imported into Citra. When I remove all guid paramaters, it not works. For programs such as Citra, that don't use Steam's API, you need a program such as ds4windows to convert the DS5's inputs into xinput for you. It's all a community effort, thank you for helping Batocera! In case you've plugged in a different controller since then, all of the controller configurations can be found at /userdata/system/configs/emulationstation/es_input.cfg. As of version 3, you can use the pro controller and Joycons as normal xbox controllers on your PC - try it with Steam! Thanks go out to MTCKC for inspiration and batch files. *Remember, this like many other Emulators is WIP. That's why there is no one gamepad for all in regards to the physical labels which covers all different original console gamepads. Get the code project via Git or by using the, Open Visual Studio Community and open the solution file (. Systems with both sets will utilize all shoulder buttons/triggers. You can help. Always ensure that you pay for what you play and support all developers! (3DS Emulator) Controller Setup Guide WilesEmu 2.88K subscribers Subscribe 54K views 2 years ago Citra Controller Setup Guide! A last thanks goes out to dekuNukem for his documentation, especially on the SPI calibration data and the IMU sensor notes! Inside the sdmc folder, just like on a real 3DS console, is a Nintendo 3DS directory, which contains two more directories, Private and 00000000000000000000000000000000. If I run Citra from Visual Studio and then a normal build (or the other way round), I also need to reconfigure my controller even though the settings display all buttons as if they are mapped properly. It is entirely possible to retrieve save data from an SD card using a physical 3DS console and import it into Citra to continue a game where it was last left off on the console. If you had to map your controller when you plugged it in, this means it was not in that database yet. It works with the emulator in Big Picture mode but . Citras user directory is where the emulator persists the emulated 3DS NAND, save data, extra data, and a host of other files necessary for Citra to run properly. When plugging in your controller to your machine (or when booting up Batocera with the controller already plugged in) ensure that the sticks, buttons and triggers are in their neutral position. See below for details about each directory and what data is stored within. We use cookies to track usage and preferences. Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license:CC0 1.0 Universal, D-pad to navigate menus (in cases where no analog stick is available, it can usually be emulated with the D-pad), The left analog stick for systems that support it (in cases where the D-pad is unavailable, the left analog stick can usually emulate the D-pad), The right analog stick for systems that support it (, PCman built-in file manager (for Xorg-powered devices), Sync files across multiple devices (Syncthing), Latency reduction and optimizing performance, Redirect upgrades from any board to my own builds, Write themes for batocera-emulationstation. Assigning the hotkey to a button other than the [SELECT] button or a dedicated [HOME] button will instantly trigger the command assigned to that button. DualShock 4, for me, I added my controller on steam and then launched citra through steam then just configured the controller through citras menu. Please verify all hyperlinks and terminal commands below! To disconnect the controller - hold the home button (or capture button) down for 2 seconds (or press the sync button). Screenshot of Issue (include the full Citra window including titlebar): I have try all XInput Controller config at http://www.jannikvogel.de/scratchpad/citra-input-map/ (total 3 for xinput). This data will be created automatically in some cases, such as when a Mii is saved in Mii Maker. This directory contains all of the extra data created when playing 3DS game backups. I believe you can find the config file here: C:\Users\Your User Name\AppData\Roaming\Citra\config You're looking for a file named qt-config.ini. Turn rumble up to 70-80% if you want rumble. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Open reWASD (or download and install the app). Allows the Nintendo Switch Pro Controller, Joycons and SNES controller to be used with CEMU, Citra, Dolphin, Yuzu and as generic XInput. Background. To obtain the system archives, follow the instructions located at Dumping System Archives and the Shared Fonts from a 3DS Console. On a physical 3DS, the directory inside data would be named differently. See this discussion topic for more details about dumping system save data. Import the config to a new or existing profile. That way, future users who use that controller will have their controller auto-magically configured out of the box! Citra will create camera data while it is running. Scale XY coordinates according to new StickScalingFactor configuratio, Connecting and Disconnecting the Controller, Read the READMEs (they're there for a reason! Massive thank you to all code contributors! For first-time Citra users, there may be nothing inside the sysdata directory. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. Youll figure it out. Do you use controller with Citra and need a custom layout? While here you should also bind the controls to this player by pressing them on the assigned controller, Select User 1 Bind All to do this. The newest controllers will be appended at the bottom of the list. Make sure to leave the DS4 controller hidden for this as well. (GOING LIVE THIS WEEK)https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYFd9JScrgMT1MuHGwhyDdgIf you would like a new video covering anything you have in mind or have any issues let me know in the comments bellow :D-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MY SET OF LINKS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Please subscribe to my channel, I try to release everything you need to get setup for your gaming pleasures, plus more home made treats :)DISCORD SERVER:https://discord.gg/G4DY5r5STEAM GROUP FOR GAMING WITH ME:http://steamcommunity.com/groups/SimplyAustinMY NEW TWITCH CHANNEL, MAKE SURE YOU FOLLOW AND SUBhttp://www.twitch.tv/simply_austinHERE IS THE FACEBOOK LINKhttps://www.facebook.com/simplyaustinsTO FIND OUT ABOUT EARLY RELEASES OF MY FEATUREShttps://twitter.com/SimplyAustinsMY WEBSITE:www.simplyaustin.tvDONATIONS TOWARDS MAKING MORE VIDS LIKE THIShttps://www.patreon.com/simplyaustin------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LINKS USEFUL FROM THIS VIDEO --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CITRA WEBSITE:https://citra-emu.orgBUILD USED IN THIS VIDEO (BLEEDING EDGE):https://citra-emu.org/download/USER FOLDER INFORMATION:https://citra-emu.org/wiki/User-Directory/HOW TO DUMP THE FILES FROM 3DS:https://citra-emu.org/wiki/Dumping-System-Archives-and-the-Shared-Fonts-from-a-3DS-Console/JAYFOXROX CONTROLLER GUIDE AND TEMPLATE:https://community.citra-emu.org/t/temporary-controller-configurations-for-citra/1061MORE CITRA GUIDES:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJDP18Ihi5EMICROSOFT C++ VISUAL 15 OFFICIAL DOWNLOAD:https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=53587HOW TO EMULATE THE WII U ON PC WITH CEMU:https://www.youtube.com/watc9dMk-Ih?v=KYfxvLIST OF THE BEST EMULATION GUIDES:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4D5u7G5RMg\u0026list=PLe424g_m2Z-GmsnfI--OsUOVOJn1YXAXp--------------------------------------------------------------------------WARNING! Stadia, A massive thanks goes out to rajkosto for putting up with 17 emails and replying very quickly to my silly queries. My controller has bluetooth, also works with usb. To reconnect - press any button on your controller. If the below articles are too wordy, consult the below tutorials for obtaining optional files to improve the Citra experience: This directory contains files containing information that tell Citra how to run. Heres a small tutorial to Map all the Touchscreen Controls in OoT 3D onto an Controller so you never need to use your mouse, ever. Citra Controller Setup Guide! I started writing this project a while back and have since then learnt a lot more about programming and software development in general. You may download a precompiled binary from our website, or you can build it yourself from the source code. 2016 - 2023 Disc Soft Ltd. reWASD team stands with Ukraine. If a system controller has digital shoulder buttons, they are mapped to the L1/R1 buttons. edit your C:\Users\[username]\AppData\Roaming\Citra\config\qt-config.ini replace [controls] part with this. Search for it in your bluetooth settings and pair normally. This directory contains citra_log.txt. This is the Controller setup guide for the Nintendo 3DS Emulator Citra! Learn more. (3DS Emulator)---Hello everyone, and welcome to another video! How to Setup ANY Controller on Citra! A tag already exists with the provided branch name. For details about the different kinds of system save data, see 3dbrew. If a controller is connected which doesn't already have a mapping, a configuration screen will appear for it. Click "Save and Apply" to start using it. This didn't happen before the "input rewrite". First I close Citra, then I copy into qt-config.ini and save it like this: Then, I run Citra again, but it overwrite config to this: Now, I run Citra and run game, all buttons and sticks no response. Support Developers (especially SEGA) and pay for what you play!--------------------------------------------------------------------------CREDITS:The Citra Team as always for a great job :DMUSIC:OC ReMix - Sonic Cd Temporal Duality -Starway Stardust Speedway US djpretzelRobocop 3 Dutch RemixMENTIONS:Drunken Punk 800 (For being a great help! Find your qt-config.ini file. This can be mimicked somewhat by [Dumping Installed Titles and importing them into Citras sysdata directory but this is unnecessary since Citra can run them from anywhere on a computer filesystem and doesnt require the accompanying .tmd and .cmd files. See [Dumping Save Data from a 3DS Console]] for instructions. First, I use usb connect to my laptop and configure "control" in Citra, all works well. Citra Version (found in title bar): 1152 There, you'll find all sorts of goodness such as the changelog, description of app settings, the FAQ and Problems page, and info on how to make BetterJoy work with Steam better. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Now, I manual reconfigure in Citra control setting window, and I open qt-config.ini, the guid was changed to 03000000000000000000000000007801(guid of bluetooth mode) from 030000005e040000ff02000000007801(guid of usb mode). Users should redump their shared font since the open source font replacement may not always look accurate. Already on GitHub? I tested these control settings on a fresh citra install and they work. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Retroarch Controls There are 3 main ways to configure input for RetroArch: Autoconfigurations - made in EmulationStation Hardcoded Configurations - made by editing retroarch.cfg file (s) Core Input Remapping - an easy way to do specific control configurations for specific cores, made in the RetroArch RGUI AutoConfigurations The latest version of GodMode9 is required to redump your DLCs if you do not own all them as it was dumped incorrectly before. The Citra repositories are hosted on GitHub. Citra Configuration graphics settings. The backups folder contains saved data backed up via the Home Menu. If anyone would like to donate (for whatever reason), you can do so here. Hold down the small button (sync) on the top of the controller for 5 seconds - this puts the controller into broadcasting mode. If a system controller has analog triggers for shoulder controls, they will be mapped to L2/R2 triggers instead. Apologies and appreciation go out to epigramx, creator of WiimoteHook, for giving me the driver idea and for letting me keep using his installation batch script even though I took it without permission. Citra Emulator on Steam Link. Have a question about this project? NAND extra data always has a TID High of 00048000, so the extdata directory should contain a 00048000 folder, though it has been observed in Citra that there may be a 00000000 folder instead, and users have reported issues if there is both a 00000000 and 00048000 folder contained therein, so it is advised to delete the 00000000 folder if that is the case. In a Capcom-esque fighting game, this would translate to: The arcade stick should be assigned as the D-pad. Batocera will read the current values of all the controller's inputs when it first sees the controller and use those as their neutral positions. You signed in with another tab or window. If a game/program uses Steam for it's controller input, then a DS5 controller will work; but if a game counts on Windows to interpret controller inputs, a DS5 controller won't work. Stadia, Just so its out there, for people like me who looked for this all over the internet. But fortunately that's not a practical issue as most controllers confirm to the same physical form. In general, dumping files from a 3DS will require an SD card reader or some way to use wireless file transfer from a 3DS to a computer and that the 3DS being dumped from has Homebrew Launcher access. The Private directory on a real 3DS contains camera data (in 00020400/phtcache.bin) and sound data (in 00020500/voice/). We use cookies to track usage and preferences. Work fast with our official CLI. Start Cemu and ensure CemuHook has the controller selected. Citra Default Config by SuperSonicBlur on 2020-07-28 22:07:24 (1) Perfect for: Xbox 360 Xbox One DualShock 3 May be used on: Xbox Elite, DualShock 4, Switch Pro, Joy-Con, Stadia, Steam, Xbox Series X, DualSense, NVIDIA SHIELD Download reWASD Import config None left stick custom deadzone , right stick custom deadzone Xbox One If that doesn't work out you should be able to hit the "guide" button on the controller after starting the emulator and remap it using the configuration there to keyboard/mouse inputs. It has for a while, just remember to use the analog button when binding or else you'll only get 8 directional digital output. Configuring the Citra controller using the Citra emulator is very simple. DualShock 4, The absolute minimum Batocera requires for most functions are: If you have the luxury, the next most important buttons are: If you have a dedicated home/guide button, you should use that instead (some games may have some important function tied to [SELECT], rendering the Quick Menu ([HOTKEY] + ) interruptive). In order of importance: Batocera uses a database of known controllers to automatically map them for you, but new controllers (or just really unknown ones) may not be in this database yet. Open reWASD (or download and install the app). Or maybe you're using an original NES pad with a USB adapter. The 00000000000000000000000000000000 contains two folders, extdata, containing NAND extra data, and sysdata, containing NAND system save data. Use Git or checkout with SVN using the web URL. The dbs folder contains a 3DS consoles title database. Operating System: Windows 10 Professional 1803 17134.471 The system archives are required for some games to work with Citra. Restore the NuGet dependencies by running: You have now built the app. This folder contains all of the save data for 3DS titles. sign in Try this Citra controller support setting! After you finish, go back, select Input User 2 Binds and . From here using the left/right buttons, select which currently plugged-in controller will be assigned to what player. The Citra core is licensed under. NVIDIA SHIELD. Im using Xbox One Controller for playing Pokemon Ultra Sun with Citra Nightly 1152. And override the [Controls] section right at the beginning to: https://pastebin.com/2p0pW475 The Keybindings in question are as follows: See a mistake? GPLv2. Please make sure that your graphics card is capable of making it possible. That should stop the problem you're having. [Request] Bind controls based on controller slot rather than the controller itself. Xbox 360 2016 - 2023 Disc Soft Ltd. reWASD team stands with Ukraine. This gives you the ability to map the buttons of a new controller or remap an existing controller to your preference. Left stick/D-pad,, a right stick/four face buttons and four shoulder buttons/triggers. See Dumping Extra Data from a 3DS Console for instructions. More advanced users will also have custom firmware and Decrypt9WIP installed to their 3DS. An individual piece of system save data is stored in sysdata/[TID Low]/[TID High]. Then, refer to the remapping controls per emulator page. Citra Emulation Project. Find your qt-config.ini file. As a result, choose a mapping that will fit most games naturally. Can you test with any of the nightly versions from 1431 to 1436 (curernt)? Well occasionally send you account related emails. This directory is automatically generated by Citra and contains the system and extra data for the emulated NAND. Icons (modified): "Switch Pro Controller", " From there, the rest of the buttons are auxiliary. In other words, THE GAMES WHICH YOU ALREADY OWN!. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. This folder, named 00000000000000000000000000000000, will only exist if the system archives have been dumped from a physical 3DS. Under the first category "Mouse, keyboard, & pen", there should be the pro controller. * MAKE SURE YOU SUBSCRIBE TO THE NEW DEDICATED GAMING CHANNEL! Import the config to a new or existing profile. On different systems the paths are: There are at least three directories within the user directory: config, nand, and sdmc. DualSense, The problem we have in the emulation world is that there is no such thing as one unique mapping for all emulated systems. This file is automatically generated by Citra and stores the logging. Included in this guide are instructions on how to dump various files from a 3DS console to put into the Citra user directory. Xbox Series X, Nintendo, Sony, Sega, Microsoft have all chosen different layouts plus the multiple arcade systems that Batocera supports: you get the idea. The Citra executable has options menus that allow users to change most of the aforementioned configurations safely. on 2018-07-11 12:14:44, Do you use controller with Citra and need a custom layout? Check out the wiki! This knowledge is only important if you plan on dumping any NAND system data or extra data from a physical 3DS and associating it with Citra. edit your C:\Users\[username]\AppData\Roaming\Citra\config\qt-config.ini. I disconnect bluetooth and connect usb. Most known gamepads come configured out of the box, no user-interaction needed. If a user wishes to extract save or extra data from their physical console, they do not need to worry about the console ID not matching Citras 00000000000000000000000000000000 folders. Xbox Series X, I must reconfigure all buttons and sticks, then works well. where PLATFORM and CONFIGURATION are the one provided at build time. Arcade layouts are an exception, consider the face buttons the first four buttons on the left side (diamond-shape) and the remaining ones the [L1] and [R1] shoulder buttons. Click "Save and Apply" to start using it. First, I use usb connect to my laptop and configure control in Citra, all works well. The Nintendo DSiWare folder contains exported DSi exports. If you don't want to do this for some reason, just have one input profile set up with. #1 As long as the buttons are physically in a similar position, this should be no issue when playing games (although you will need to learn to ignore the labels on the controller itself). :This video in regards to Emulation is made to encourage you to play your BACKUPS. Try this Citra controller support setting! Super Nintendo Controller icon by Mark Davis from the the Noun Project; icon modified by Amy Alexander. That's how the Link will pass controller input by default, as if it were a 360 controller. Commonly referred to as the home or guide button, this is what allows the use of shortcuts in Batocera. Most system save data has a TID high of 00000000. privacy statement. Note that the folder AppData is hidden by default, so you need to change the configuration to view it. This directory will contain the data directory and potentially also the system archives. Then, I pull out usb, use bluetooth connect to laptop and re-recognize the controller (because change usb mode to bluetooth mode re-recognize the device is necessary), but all buttons and sticks of controller no respond even if configures look like correct in Citra setting window. 4. Thank you for your patience in that regard too! How to use Controllers in Citra 3DS Emulator Simply Austin 198K subscribers Subscribe 243K views 5 years ago This is the Controller setup guide for the Nintendo 3DS Emulator Citra! It should work out of the box, personally I use ds4windows to emulate an Xbox controller and then I bind it to citra I also use the touchpad to control the mouse for the touch screen. Allows the Nintendo Switch Pro Controller, Joycons, and Switch SNES controller to be used with Cemu using Cemuhook, Citra, Dolphin, Yuzu, and system-wide with generic XInput support.. Changing these files is only to be done by advanced users because making changes at random can cause Citra not to work as expected or at all. Please do not emulate any games which you do not already have on any systems which you do not own. Other system save data aside from the config savegame can be dumped from a 3DS console by an expert user and placed in the sysdata folder. For more information, please see our In fact on my PC at 4k internal resolution 60fps with one controller not having 200+ consoles set up with 600+ controllers tangled up!ESPECIALLY, do not sell anything to do with this scene or be stupid enough to buy anything from this scene. Steam Link > General Discussions > Topic Details. It is overwritten every time Citra is launched. This follows along with RetroArch's RetroPad philosophy, which you can read more about here. Citras features include better visual output, debugging homebrew, and controller support. Don't worry, you can skip any buttons which you don't have by holding down any button. Game: Pokemon Ultra Sun (being honest here - the joycon code is his). You need to be using the OFFICIAL BUILDS of Citra, I cannot say that this way will be compatible with the hacked versions as they are not stable. )https://www.youtube.com/user/JoeyDrunkoRocketLauncher TeamHyperSpin TeamLaunchBox TeamRetroFE TeamPlus all the devs of all the emulators EVER. Inside the folder may be nothing, or it may contain one or more directories named F000000#, where # can be the characters A-F or the numbers 0-9. BetterJoyForCemu\bin\PLATFORM\CONFIGURATION. At this time, though, many features that read from or write to system save data have not been implemented so there is currently little value in doing so. JonoAVFC Apr 6, 2017 @ 9:00am. Citra is an open-source Nintendo 3DS emulator/debugger written in C++. Default Keyboard Bindings - Citra Read First! These files are optional in terms of Citras ability to run, but depending on certain circumstances some may be required in order to run a particular game or get past a certain point in the game. System save data is identified by a title ID, separated into TID High, the first 8 characters of the title ID, and TID Low, the last 8 characters of the title ID. It's been quite a wild ride, with nearly 590k (!!) See Dumping System Archives and the Shared Fonts from a 3DS Console for more information. First, map your controller as you normally would for menu navigation. If you have updates or DLCs on your 3DS that you want to use with Citra, youll have to dump them as well. Oh okay to be honest I never tried it out of the box LOL. That means that not EVERY game is fully playable yet, but it is now getting very good at it! DualSense, So, the guid paramater seems like necessary ? On a real SD card, the sysdata folder will also contain the files required to run any 3DS titles installed to the SD card. to your account. In fact this will be the case for most Citra users, and is nothing to be alarmed about. If a controller is connected which doesn't already have a mapping, a configuration screen will appear for it. If any games have been saved while playing them with Citra, there should be a folder inside sysdata named 00040000. If a system controller has digital shoulder buttons, they are mapped to the L1/R1 buttons. Most known gamepads come configured out of the box, no user-interaction needed. You signed in with another tab or window. The below wiki article is based on user submitted content. Usage Does Citra work with a 360 controller locally on your PC? Citra is an open-source Nintendo 3DS emulator/debugger written in C++. For all things related to the Nintendo 3DS emulator Citra. If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. Citra binds controls to specific hardware id's for some reason, it'd be a lot easier if it were hardware agnostic and just checked buttons and axis without having to check the guid. Issue: Im using Xbox One Controller for playing Pokemon Ultra Sun with Citra Nightly 1152. You can find a reference for Citras default keyboard bindings here: If you have any questions about Citra, first check these pages: If you dont see your question answered there, feel free to ask at these places: If you are interested in contributing to Citras code, the first thing you should read is this guide, which will show you what style to code in: You can find info about the 3DS on these pages: When you are ready, this page will show you how to use Git to setup your own repository: Using log filters, you can configure Citra to make development easier.