broomrape and bursage relationship

doi: 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00051-3, Akiyama, K., Matsuzaki, K. I., and Hayashi, H. (2005). 23, 407413. 61, 97979803. Available at: www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPP/IPM/Weeds/Issues/orobanche.htm, Acharya, B. D., Khattri, B. G., Chettri, M. K., and Srivastava, X. The site is secure. 60, 316323. Haustorial initiation and differentiation, in Parasitic Plants, eds M. C. Press and J. D. Graves (London: Chapman and Hall), 3979. As a consequence of the high risk of establishment failure in the seedling, broomrapes have evolved germination strategies that predict establishment potential based on host chemodetection (Vaucher, 1823). The physiology and biochemistry of parasitic angiosperms. Ann. J. Exp. (2009a). Riopel, J. L., and Timko, M. P. (1995). Aber, M., Fer, A., and Salle, G. (1983). Agric. broomrape and bursage relationship. Convergent evolution of strigolactone perception enabled host detection in parasitic plants. doi: 10.1006/anbo.1996.0385, Drr, I., and Kollmann, R. (1995). Those interactions promote the broomrape seed bank remains dormant inhibiting the initiation of broomrape parasitism, and therefore its rates of seed bank replenishment. Broomrapes produce little or no chlorophyll; instead, they draw nourishment from the roots of other plants by means of small suckers called haustoria. doi: 10.1006/anbo.1998.0847, Toh, S., Kamiya, Y., Kawakami, N., Nambara, E., McCourt, P., and Tsuchiya, Y. (2009). doi: 10.3732/ajb.93.7.1039, Berner, D. K., Schaad, N. W., and Volksch, B. Res. Seed dormancy and the control of germination. doi: 10.1086/283185, Auger, B., Pouvreau, J. 72, 564574. However, instability of this compound, particularly at pH > 7.5, and lack of optimal formulations rendered this technique not applicable (Saghir, 1986; Babiker et al., 1987, 1988). Z. Planzenphysiol. Once in the parasite system, sucrose is not accumulated but metabolized to other compounds. Successful reduction of broomrape parasitism in the current crop is obtained by intercropping host species with inhibitory species of cereals, fenugreek, or berseem clover (Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2007, 2008b, 2010a). The short version of the story is that "broomrape" is the partially translated 16th-century name of a genus of plants, Genista: European plants called brooms. doi: 10.1007/s11248-004-8081-9, Song, W. J., Zhou, W. J., Jin, Z. L., Cao, D. D., Joel, D. M., Takeuchi, Y., et al. See this image and copyright information in PMC. 67, 10151022. However, the overall productivity of the host-parasite system is also reduced due to the shorter growing period being detrimental for crop yield. Pest Manag. Novel approaches can increase broomrape control by fungi. 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90021-5 Weed Res. Although the effect of jasmonic-acid-dependent induced systemic resistance (ISR) against parasitic plants is less clear (Kusumoto et al., 2007; Hiraoka et al., 2009; Yoder and Scholes, 2010), strains of Pseudomonas sp. (2007). (2007). 70, 183212. Agroecology 3, 174. However, the efficacy of these molecules has been proved only in laboratory essays. Careers. Additional mechanisms that could contribute to the selective action of host-derived strigolactones in broomrape germination could be (1) variations of molecular structure between host-derived and parasite-encoded strigolactones conferring different specificity for different biological functions or (2) different spatial localization inside the broomrape seed for functions of strigolactone detection and strigolactone synthesis (Das et al., 2015). Biosynthesis and action of ethylene. Observations on the current status of Orobanche and Striga problems worldwide. Its efficacy for broomrape cultural control can be increased if the farmer includes trap and/or catch crops as components in the rotation (Rubiales et al., 2009b). 25, 402411. They have been traditionally considered the exception in parasitic Orobanchaceae that do not require host factors for haustorium initiation (Joel and Losner-Goshen, 1994; Bandaranayake and Yoder, 2013). The model was developed in greenhouse studies and validated in the field during three growing seasons. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1989.tb01310.x, Schneeweiss, G. M. (2007). After host adhesion to host root surface the haustorium develops its invasive function of penetrating the host root (Figure 2E). Plant 51, 391394. Hemp broomrape (Orobanche ramosa), also known as branched broomrape, is a noxious pest around the world and can cause significant losses if crops are heavily infested. J. Agric. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 65, 560565. Interaction of light and hormone signals in germinating seeds. The majority of strategies aimed to manage autotrophic weeds do not necessarily work for broomrapes and those that provide a degree of success for broomrape need to be optimized for each broomrape-crop species combination, local environmental conditions and broomrape population. Rev. SA promotes resistance to broomrape. In some crops, the biomass loss equals to that accumulated by the parasite indicating that damage in the crop is directly attributed to the parasitic sink activity (Barker et al., 1996; Manschadi et al., 1996; Hibberd et al., 1998). 42, 292297. Strigolactone inhibition of shoot branching. In this regard, France is doing valuable work through the Technical Center for Oilseed Crops and Industrial Hemp, Terresinovia, where a nationwide survey of infested fields is actualized online on real time by the farmers with new cases emerging every year and recently toward new regions such as the French Centre region1 Several studies suggest that large areas of new territory are at risk of invasion by broomrape (Mohamed et al., 2006; Grenz and Sauerborn, 2007), and in fact, invasions in completely new regions are already emerging in countries such as Spain, UK, France, Algeria, Ethiopia, Egypt, Sudan (Reda, 2006; Babiker et al., 2007; Babiker, 2008; Rubiales et al., 2008; Abu-Irmaileh and Labrada, 2009; Parker, 2014). A., and Rubiales, D. (2010a). hellofresh stock concentrate packets. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.11.001, Grenz, J. H., and Sauerborn, J. Variability of interactions between barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) genotypes and Orobanche species. Phytomyza orobanchia is reported to be broomrape-specific and its main action as biocontrol agent is by reduction of broomrape reproductive activity due to their feeding activity on ovules and young seeds. 51, 707716. Accumulation of ammonium can be toxic to plants and its detoxification occurs via incorporation into organic compounds. Babiker, A. G. T. (2008). Resistance of red clover (Trifolium pratense) to the root parasitic plant Orobanche minor is activated by salicylate but not by jasmonate. 67, 141148. Phelipanche aegyptiaca management in tomato. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00738.x, Prez-de-Luque, A., Jorrn, J., Cubero, J. I., and Rubiales, D. (2005). Omissions? Direct toxic effects by urea and ammonium but not nitrate forms inhibit broomrape seed germination and radicle elongation (Jain and Foy, 1992; Abu-Irmaileh, 1994; van Hezewijk and Verkleij, 1996; Westwood and Foy, 1999). Phylogeny of the parasitic plant family Orobanchaceae inferred from phytochrome A. (2015). 45, 467476. doi: 10.1002/ps.1706, Keywords: integrated pest management, Orobanche, Phelipanche, parasitism, germination, haustorium, plant recognition, seed bank, Citation: Fernndez-Aparicio M, Reboud X and Gibot-Leclerc S (2016) Broomrape Weeds. 31, 285289. The evolution from autotrophic to heterotrophic mode of nutrition carried a reduction of the main broomrape vegetative organs toward vestigial versions, non-functional for autotrophy. Plant Physiol. and transmitted securely. Gene expression analysis could be indicating that parasitic plants down-regulate their synthesis of strigolactones at the end of conditioning period, and perhaps the creation of that internal deficit for broomrape-encoded strigolactones contributes to the broomrape sensitivity for external, host-derived strigolactones at the time of host detection (Das et al., 2015). Many other interesting examples of trap crops emerged from a root exudates screening of important crops (Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2009b). The first mechanism involved in host specialization is displayed during broomrape germination and is mediated by the broomrape recognition of host root exudates in a species-specific manner. doi: 10.1007/s00425-006-0410-1, Zehhar, N., Ingouff, M., Bouya, D., and Fer, A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, Bacillus atrophaeus, B. subtilis are promising biocontrol agents targeting the growth of broomrape radicles (Barghouthi and Salman, 2010). update on breeding for resistance to sunflower broomrape / actualizacin de la situacin de la mejora gentica de girasol para resistencia al jopo June 2014 Helia 33(52):1-12 5, 99108. Orobanche crenata in UK- an update. Successful broomrape control should target the underground broomrapes at their earlier life stages, prior attachment or as soon as it attach to the host, because of their highest vulnerability at those stages and the avoidance of yield loss in the current crop. Weed Res. The significance of this structure in broomrape parasitism requires further investigation. Inhibition of seed conditioning and subsequent germination mediated by inhibitors of GA synthesis reduces the receptivity of broomrape seeds to germination-inducing factors. Though, the effect of L-methionine on internal crop resistance was not studied and requires further investigation. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01273.x, Seo, M., Nambara, E., Choi, G., and Yamaguchi, S. (2009). 62, 70637071. Parasitic Weeds of the World: Biology and Control. The control of broomrape by mycoherbicides does not so far provide the level of control required in highly infested soils (Aly, 2007). The biological activity of AC-94, 377 [1-(3-chlorophthalimido)-cyclohexane-arboxamide]. Once broomrape germination has occurred, chemicals that reduce the growth of broomrape radicle reduce the chances of reaching the host and therefore parasitism. (2015). Understanding the key processes of host recognition, haustorium development and maturation and metabolic regulation of the parasitic sink allow virulence predictions and the design and implementation of highly calibrated, feasible, and durable control strategies leading to the arrest of broomrape parasitism minimizing simultaneously environmental impact and yield losses. Phosphorus deficiency in red clover promotes exudation of orobanchol, the signal for mycorrhizal symbionts and germination stimulant for root parasites. Effect of N-application on sorghum growth, Striga infestation and the osmotic presure of the parasite in relation to the host. As a consequence the crop is protected from broomrape invasion (Joel and Portnoy, 1998; Westwood et al., 1998; Hamamouch et al., 2005; Aly et al., 2006). Due to the high broomrape fecundity, long seed viability and for some weedy broomrape species, broad host range, the seed bank is easily replenished and long lasting. Plant Biol. EM 8884-E Reprinted August 2008 important rotational crop in grass seed production systems. Euphytica 186, 897905. Control 15, 274282. Nitrogen reduces branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) seed germination. Transfer of organic substances from the host plant Vicia faba to the parasite Orobanche crenata Forsk. 56, 574581. Lpez-Rez, J. Fig. Divers. doi: 10.1007/s10658-004-2814-8. doi: 10.2134/agronj2009.0014. Plant Cell Rep. 25, 297303. 55, 517520. Westwood, J. H. (2013). The biology of Striga, Orobanche and other root parasitic weeds. doi: 10.1104/pp.119.2.585, Aly, R. (2007). J. Privat, G. (1960). Host plant resistance against broomrapes (Orobanche spp. doi: 10.1007/s00299-005-0052-y, Amsellem, Z., Zidack, N. K., Quimby, Jr P. C, and Gressel, J. Effect of triiodobenzoic acid on broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) infection and development in tomato plants. Pest Manag. 48, 39303934. Many of the plants now included in this family were, until recently, considered to be members of the family Scrophulariaceae. News Bull. (1992). Instead, broomrapes are in current state of intensification and spread due to lack of broomrape-specific control programs, unconscious introduction to new areas and may be decline of herbicide use and global warming to a lesser degree. In addition it promotes the development of a layer of papillae at the radicle apex in the absence of host contact, morphology that resembles the attachment organ (Joel and Losner-Goshen, 1994; Cimmino et al., 2015).

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